On *nix systems shmop_open is able to create an "infinite" amount of segments when setting $key = 0.
After executing the following command twice in an interactive shell
php > $res = shmop_open(0,"n",0600,1024);
list the memory segments currently present
$ ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 2293762 user 600 1024 0
0x00000000 2326531 user 600 1024 0
For any integer <> 0 in conjunction with the flag "n" shmop_open works like documented. It fails.
shmop_open
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
shmop_open — Cria ou abre um bloco de memória compartilhada
Descrição
shmop_open
( int
$key
, string $flags
, int $mode
, int $size
) : intshmop_open() pode criar ou abrir um bloco de memória compartilhada.
shmop_open() pega 4 parâmetros: chave, que é usado pelo id do sistema para o bloco de memória compartilhada, esse parâmetro pode ser passado como decimal ou hexadecimal. O segundo parâmetro são flags que você pode usar:
- "a" para acesso (seta SHM_RDONLY para shmat) use essa flag quando você precisar abrir um bloco de memória compartilhada existente como somente leitura
- "c" para criar (seta IPC_CREATE) use essa flag quando você precisar criar um novo bloco de memória compartilhada ou se um segmento com a mesma chave existir, tente abrir isso para ler e escrever
- "w" para ler & acesso à escrita use essa flag quando você precisar ler e escrever para um segmento de bloco de memória compartilhada, use essa flag na maior parte dos casos.
- "n" cria um novo segmento de memória (seta IPC_CREATE|IPC_EXCL) use essa flag quando você quer criar um novo segmento de memória compartilhada mas se um já existir com a mesma flag, irá falhar. Isso é útil para propósitos de segurança, usando isso você pode previnir rápidos exploits.
Nota: Nota: o 3rd e 4th devem ser colocados como 0 se você está abrindo um segmento de memória existente. Em caso de sucesso shmop_open() irá retornar um id que você pode usar para acessar o segmento de memória compartilhada que você criou.
Exemplo #1 Cria um novo bloco de memória compartilhada
<?php
$shm_key = ftok(__FILE__,'t');
$shm_id = shmop_open($shm_key, "c", 0644, 100);
?>
Esse exemplo abre um bloco de memória compartilhada com um id do sistema retornado por ftok().
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User Contributed Notes 9 notes
kakkau at grr dot la ¶
8 years ago
daniele_dll at yahoo dot it ¶
20 years ago
There is a little ftok function. This function isn't included into php for windows so i've grabbed it directly from linux glibc 2.3.2 source code. I hope that this can be useful.
There is the code:
<?php
function ftok($pathname, $proj_id) {
$st = @stat($pathname);
if (!$st) {
return -1;
}
$key = sprintf("%u", (($st['ino'] & 0xffff) | (($st['dev'] & 0xff) << 16) | (($proj_id & 0xff) << 24)));
return $key;
}
echo ftok($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"], 250);
?>
sorry for my english :)
kakkau at grr dot la ¶
6 years ago
One is not able to reconnect to a segment with key 0. For any other key (e.g. 1) the flags just work fine.
php > $soid = shmop_open(0,"n",0600,10);
php > $soid = shmop_open(0,"w",0600,10);
PHP Warning: shmop_open(): unable to attach or create shared memory segment 'Invalid argument' in php shell code on line 1
PHP Stack trace:
PHP 1. {main}() php shell code:0
PHP 2. shmop_open(0, 'w', 384, 10) php shell code:1
Colin Paterson ¶
8 years ago
If you are running your main script as say user "root" but need to open a Shared Memory Segment as another user (from your main script) such as say "www-data" then this works:
exec("sudo -u www-data php -r 'shmop_open(0xee4, "c", 0770, 100);'"); //Create Shared Memory segment as USER www-data
$SharedMemorySegment = shmop_open(0xee4, "c", 0770, 100);
if (!$SharedMemorySegment) {
echo "Couldn't create shared memory segment\n";
}
Filippo Fadda ¶
9 years ago
I'm having the same issue affecting XP and described below, on Mac OS X Lion.
To solve it, use before 'a' flag, then 'n'. Avoid 'c' flag.
<?php
$str = 'Hello World';
shm_key = ftok($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
if (@$shm_id = shmop_open($shm_key, 'a', 0644, 0))
shmop_delete($shm_id);
$shm_id = shmop_open($shm_key, 'n', 0644, strlen($str));
if ($shmId) {
shmop_write($shmId, $str, 0);
shmop_close($shmId);
}
else
throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't create shared memory segment.");
?>
thanks at forthefish dot com ¶
10 years ago
These shared memory functions are kind of silly on Windows where sem_get() and friends nor any sort of synchronization object is available (as of PHP 5.5.5) to perform proper locking prior to access. A core PHP dev needs to write some wrappers for sem_get() for Windows as they did for shmop to really round out this feature.
The implementation of shmop for Windows is pretty slick - the author basically ported variations of POSIX functions to Windows equivalent prototypes.
erelsgl at gmail dot com ¶
16 years ago
=== Checking if a shared memory exists ===
The solution provided by Mitchell_Shnier at ieee dot orgZ doesn't work on my computer - I get a warning "Invalid flag ac".
In order to check if a shared-memory exists, you just have to open it with the "a" or "w" flag, while hiding the warnings using the "@" operator:
<?php
@$shid = shmop_open($systemId, "a", 0666, 0);
if (!empty($shid)) {
... shared memory exists
} else {
... shared memory doesn't exist
}
?>
Craig Manley ¶
19 years ago
To: macmaster at pobox dot com:
To clear up some new confusion: you said the shm key is 8 bytes long. As far as I know it's 4 bytes (32bits).
Check out the output of ipcs on Linux below to see what I mean.
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x6e6a694d 65538 mijnbel 644 65536 0
0x326e794d 98307 mijnbel 644 65536 0
0x62417347 131076 smsklap 644 65536 0
Chris Petersen ¶
20 years ago
Be warned that if you try to shmop_open with a key set to zero, shmop_open will seemingly work, and you can write to it, but you will not be able to read from it or delete it. If you're not careful, you can continue doing this - creating more and more shared memory blocks at "zero" until eventually you WILL start getting errors saying that php can't access or create the shared memory block, and you will have to restart your machine to free up all of those "zero" blocks.
